Programming Language

Nocter

A self-contained systems language built around simplicity, encapsulation, and foolproof design.

Specification GitHub

use std/io

blocking func main(): i32! {
    io.print("Hello from Nocter\n")?
    return 0
}

func main(): i32 {
    let value = load_value() catch failure { fallback_for(failure.message()) }
    if value == 42 {
        return 0
    }
    return 1
}

func load_value(): i32! {
    return error.new("example.unavailable", "the primary value is unavailable")
}

func fallback_for(message: &str): i32 {
    return 42
}

use std/fmt.Format
use std/io

struct Point {
    x: i32
    y: i32
}

instance Point {
    impl Format
    method &self.try_format_into(output: &+String): void! {
        output.try_push_str("(")?
        self.x.try_format_into(output)?
        output.try_push_str(", ")?
        self.y.try_format_into(output)?
        output.try_push_str(")")?
        return
    }
}

blocking func main(): i32! {
    let point = Point { x: 3, y: 4 }
    let message = "point = ${point}\n"
    io.print(&message)?
    return 0
}

use std/io
use std/vec.Vec

struct Point {
    x: i32
    y: i32
}

instance Point {
    operator (&self == other: &Self): bool {
        return self.x == other.x && self.y == other.y
    }
}

blocking func main(): i32! {
    let first = Point { x: 3, y: 4 }
    let same = Point { x: 3, y: 4 }
    let other = Point { x: 5, y: 6 }
    if first != same || first == other {
        return 1
    }
    let points = Vec [move first, move other]
    if points[0] != same {
        return 1
    }
    var values = Vec [1, 2, 3]
    values[1] = 4
    if values[0] + values[1] + values[2] != 8 {
        return 1
    }
    io.print("equality found the point\n")?
    return 0
}

struct Buffer {
    values: [i32; 3]
}

instance Buffer {
    operator (&self[index: usize]): &i32 {
        return &self.values[index]
    }

    operator (&+self[index: usize]): &+i32 {
        return &+self.values[index]
    }
}

func at<C>(container: &C, index: usize): i32 where (&C[usize]): &i32 {
    return container[index]
}

func main(): i32 {
    var buffer = Buffer { values: [3, 4, 5] }
    buffer[1] = 9
    if at(&buffer, 1) != 9 {
        return 1
    }
    return 0
}

/examples/async-http/streaming.nct

streaming.nct

use std/io.Reader
use std/string.String
use std/task
use std/task.Timeout
use std/time.Duration
use std/vec.Vec

const STREAM_BUFFER_BYTES: usize = 8192

const STREAM_LIMIT_BYTES: usize = 65536

async func read_before<R>(
    source: &+R,
    output: &+[u8],
    timeout: Duration,
): usize! where R impl Reader {
    let pending = task.with_timeout(source.read(output), timeout)
    match await pending {
        Timeout.completed(result) { return move result? }
        Timeout.elapsed {
            return error.new("async-http.timeout", "byte input exceeded the example timeout")
        }
    }
}

async func collect_text_before<R>(source: &+R, timeout: Duration): String! where R impl Reader {
    var bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec.empty()
    var scratch: Vec<u8> = Vec.with_capacity(STREAM_BUFFER_BYTES)
    while scratch.len() < STREAM_BUFFER_BYTES { scratch.push(0) }
    loop {
        let received = await read_before(source, &+scratch, timeout)?
        if received == 0 { return String.from_utf8(&bytes)? }
        if received > scratch.len() || bytes.len() > STREAM_LIMIT_BYTES - received {
            return error.new("async-http.limit", "byte input exceeded the example limit")
        }
        bytes.reserve(received)
        var offset: usize = 0
        while offset < received {
            bytes.push(scratch[offset])
            offset += 1
        }
    }
}